Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth’s crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. The chemical symbol for Beryllium is Be. Its extreme rarity in the Earth’s crust, comparable to that of platinum. The chemical symbol for Cerium is Ce. Pure radium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal. Discoverer: Priestley, Joseph and Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh), Discoverer: Del Rio, Andrés Manuel (1801) and Sefström, Nils Gabriel (1830), Discoverer: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm and Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, Discoverer: Perrier, Carlo and Segrè, Emilio, Discoverer: Reich, Ferdinand and Richter, Hieronymus, Discoverer: Müller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris William, Discoverer: Kirchhoff, Gustav and Bunsen, Robert. Argon Page Two. The chemical symbol for Erbium is Er. Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars. The chemical symbol for Ytterbium is Yb. The chemical symbol for Bismuth is Bi. The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion resistant and chemically inert transition metal. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Fluorine is a chemical element with atomic number 9 which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. Iron is a metal in the first transition series. Mercury is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum. The chemical symbol for Scandium is Sc. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins. It belongs to noble gas and makes up about 0.93% of Earth’s atmosphere. Significant concentrations of boron occur on the Earth in compounds known as the borate minerals. The chemical symbol for Lanthanum is La. Argon 18 Electron. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. The chemical symbol for Boron is B. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. A possible crystal structure of Argon is face-centered cubic structure. The number in superscript is the number of electrons in a sub-shell. 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